Programa
Desenvolvimento em Transição
Doutoramento Bolonha em Estudos de Desenvolvimento
Programa
A UC sobre Desenvolvimento em Transição ajudará os alunos a explorar criticamente a natureza dos desafios de desenvolvimento através da lente urbana. Está estruturado em três módulos que oferecem uma gama de perspectivas disciplinares e entendimentos de desenvolvimento em ambientes urbanos, incluindo seus contextos rurais: Módulo 1: Transições Sustentáveis no Antropoceno Semana 1: O Antropoceno, sustentabilidade e as ODSs Semana 2: Transições e transformações: teorias para moldar o futuro Semana 3: Urban age, da teoria à prática Módulo 2: Desenvolvimento urbano, planejamento e governança Semana 4: Práticas de informalidade e governo participatório para a justiça social Semana 5: Desenvolvimento urbano e resiliência Semana 6: População urbana: causas ambientais e consequências sociais das migrações Semana 7: Desenvolvimento, deslocamento forçado e urbanização Semana 8: Políticas e planeamento urbano: o governo de desenvolvimento contestado Semana 9: Governância urbana sustentável (visita de estudo); O Antropoceno e desenvolvimento urbano (técnicas participatórias com os estudantes) Módulo 3: Recursos ecológicos e desafios urbanos / rurais Semana 10: Assuntos críticos na adaptação das alterações climáticas; Planear a adaptação das alterações climáticas: estudos de caso Semana 11: Produção alimentar e ambiente Semana 12: Serviços do ecosistema: avaliação dos benefícios ambientais Semana 13: Comércio e cadeias de valor Cada semana inclui duas palestras. Com raras exceções, as palestras são acopladas, de forma que as palestras iniciais de 3 horas fundamentem o tema da semana, enquanto a segunda aula de 2 horas adotará o formato de um workshop de palestras, a partir da discussão coletiva da chave da semana. leituras (geralmente duas) e conceitos. O Módulo 1: Transições Sustentáveis no Antropoceno proporcionará aos alunos o embasamento teórico da unidade curricular, por meio da exploração das noções de progresso, modernidade, desigualdade e insustentabilidade ecológica, e os desafios que elas colocam em uma era de humanidade e urbanização são considerados como tendo se tornado uma 'força da natureza': a era do Antropoceno e do Capitaloceno. O módulo examina essas ideias dentro da teoria e política de transições e transformação de desenvolvimento e discute o potencial dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU (ODS) como uma agenda transformadora. Finalmente, o módulo oferece uma visão geral dos debates recentes na teoria urbana, para fornecer os principais conceitos teóricos úteis para compreender nossa atual ‘era urbana’. Módulo 2: Desenvolvimento urbano, planejamento e governança fornece um entendimento comum dos motores do desenvolvimento urbano emoldurados pelos desafios e oportunidades do Antropoceno. O módulo examina como e por que as mudanças nas estruturas econômicas, na interação social e nas instituições moldam o desenvolvimento urbano emoldurado pelos impactos e políticas das mudanças climáticas. Os tópicos incluem: aglomeração urbana e inovação; desenvolvimento urbano e resiliência; o potencial das práticas comuns na construção de uma governança urbana justa; migrações, deslocamentos forçados e seus impactos nos territórios urbanos; e as políticas de desenvolvimento e planejamento. Módulo 3: Recursos ecológicos e desafios urbanos / rurais enfoca o nexo entre o desenvolvimento urbano e o desenvolvimento ecológico sustentável. Por um lado, o módulo discute as transições de energia e a adaptação às mudanças climáticas; de outro, questiona o fenômeno do crescimento urbano e demográfico típico de muitas regiões em desenvolvimento por suas implicações nas áreas rurais e em seus estilos de vida. O desafio que a civilização moderna enfrenta é passar de uma agricultura que tem conseguido suprir as necessidades por meio do aumento das áreas cultivadas, para uma solução voltada para o aumento da produtividade nessas áreas. Entretanto, a crescente consciência da importância da biodiversidade e da sustentabilidade para o futuro da humanidade, nos obrigará a assumir a valorização desses parâmetros nas estratégias devidamente enquadradas por políticas públicas adequadas para um mundo mais equitativo. Leituras Module 1: Sustainable transitions in the Anthropocene Week 1 – The Anthropocene [KEY READING] Dalby, S. (2015) Framing the Anthropocene: The good, the bad and the ugly, The Anthropocene Review, 3, 1, 33-51. [KEY READING] Sagasti, F. (2019) Rethinking development at the twilight of Bacon’s age, Futures, 114, 102470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.102470. Leituras secundárias: Baud, I. S. A., Basile, E., Kontinen, T. and Itter, S. v. (Eds.) (2019) Building Development Studies for the New Millennium, Palgrave Macmillan, EADI Global Development Series, Cham. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-04052-9 Biermann, F. and Lövbrand, E. (Eds.) (2019) Anthropocene Encounters: New Directions in Green Political Thinking, Cambridge University Press. O’Neill, D. W., Fanning, A. L., Lamb, W. F. and Steinberger, J. K. (2018) A good life for all within planetary boundaries, Nature Sustainability, 1, 2, 88-95, 10.1038/s41893-018-0021-4. Lenton, T. M. and Latour, B. (2018) Gaia 2.0 Could humans add some level of self-awareness to Earth’s self-regulation?, Science, 361, 6407, 1066-1068, DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0427. Lewis, S. L., Maslin, M. A. (2015). “Defining the Anthropocene”, Nature, 519, 7542, 171-180 Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O. and Ludwig, C. (2015) The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration, The Anthropocene Review, 2, 1, 81-98, 10.1177/2053019614564785. UNGA (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN General Assembly, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, Geneva. Week 2 – Transitions and Transformations [KEY READING] Göpel, M. (2016) The Great Mindshift. How a New Economic Paradigm and Sustainability Transformations go Hand in Hand, Springer International Publishing. [Chapters 1 and 2] p.1-40 [KEY READING] Meadows, D. H. (1999) Leverage points: Places to intervene in a system, Sustainability Institute Hartland, VT, http://www.donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/ Suggested readings EEA (2016) Sustainability transitions: Now for the long term, European Environment Agency (EEA), European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET), Copenhagen. Demaria, F. and Kothari, A. (2017) The Post-Development Dictionary agenda: paths to the pluriverse, Third World Quarterly, 38, 12, 2588-2599, DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2017.1350821. Kothari, A., Salleh, A., Escobar, A., Demaria, F. and Acosta, A. (Eds.) (2019) Pluriverse: A Post-Development Dictionary, Tulika Books, New Delhi. Loorbach, D. A. and Lijnis Huffenreuter, R. (2013) Exploring the economic crisis from a transition management perspective, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 6, 0, 35-46. Markard, J., Raven, R. and Truffer, B. (2012) Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects, Research Policy, 41, 6, 955-967. Raworth, K. (2017) A Doughnut for the Anthropocene: humanity's compass in the 21st century, The lancet planetary health, 1, 2, e48-e49, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30028-1. Scoones, I., Stirling, A., Abrol, D., Atela, J., Charli-Joseph, L., Eakin, H., Ely, A., Olsson, P., Pereira, L. and Priya, R. (2020) Transformations to sustainability: combining structural, systemic and enabling approaches, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 42, 65-75. Week 3 – Urban age [KEY READING] Storper, M., & Scott, A. J. (2016). Current debates in urban theory: A critical assessment. Urban Studies, 0042098016634002. [KEY READING] Marcuse, P. (2009) Spatial justice: Derivative but causal of social injustice. justice spatiale / spatial justice, 1 [online]. www.jssj.org/article/la-justice-spatiale-a-la-fois-resultante-et-cause-de-linjustice-sociale/. Suggested readings Brenner, N., & Schmid, C. (2014). The ‘urban age’in question. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(3), 731-755. Davis, M. (2006) Planet of Slums. London: Verso. Rossi, U., Vanolo A. (2012 [2010]) Urban Political Geographies. A Global Perspective. London: Sage. Yiftachel, O (2009) Theoretical Notes on 'Gray Cities': The Coming of Urban Apartheid? Planning Theory, 8:1, 88-100. Module 2: Urban development, planning and governance Week 4 – Practices of informality and participatory governance for social justice [KEY READING] Nicolini, D. (2013). Practice theory, work, and organization: An introduction: Oxford University Press, chapter 1 (pp. 1-22). [KEY READING] Wagenaar, H. (2004). “Knowing” the rules: administrative work as practice. Public administration review, 64, pp. 643-656. Suggested readings Arnstein, Sherry. 1971. “A ladder of citizen participation.” Journal of the Royal Town Planning Institute 57(1), 176-182. Bayat, Asef. 2013. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Second ed. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press. Fung, Archon. 2006. “Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance”. Public Administration Review 1, 66-75. Griggs, Steven, Aletta J. Norval, and Hendrik Wagenaar. 2014. Practices of Freedom: Decentred Governance, Conflict and Democratic Participation: Cambridge University Press. Holston, James. 2008. Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil: Princeton University Press. Smith, Graham. 2009. Democratic Innovations. Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Week 5 - Urban development and resilience [KEY READING] Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., Wilkinson, C., ... & Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience: a bridging concept or a dead end?“Reframing” resilience: challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps: resilience assessment of a pasture management system in Northern Afghanistan urban resilience: what does it mean in planning practice? Resilience as a useful concept for climate change adaptation? The politics of resilience for planning: a cautionary note: edited by Simin Davoudi and Libby Porter. Planning Theory & Practice, 13(2), 299-333. Newman, P., Beatley, T., & Boyer, H. (2009). Resilient cities: responding to peak oil and climate change. Island Press. Pizzo, B. (2015). Problematizing resilience: Implications for planning theory and practice. Cities, 43, 133-140. Week 6 - Urban population [KEY READING] Findlay, A. (2011) Migrant destinations in an era of environmental change, Global Environmental Change, 21(1): 50-58 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.004. [KEY READING] Sassen, S. (2016) A Massive Loss of Habitat: New Drivers for Migration, Sociology of Development, 2 (2): 204-233. Suggested readings Bakewell, O. & Landau, L., B. (Eds.) (2016) Forging African Communities: Mobility, Integration and Belonging. Palgrave Macmillan. Landau, L.B. & Freemantle, I. (2016) Beggaring belonging in Africa's no-man's lands: diversity, usufruct and the ethics of accommodation, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(6): 933-951. Mabogunje, A. (1970) - Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration (a classic). Drabo, A. and Mbaye, L. M. (2011) - Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Migration: An Empirical Analysis in Developing Countries (IZA DP No. 5927) Sassen, S. (2014) Expulsions. Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy. Harvard University Press. Week 7 – Development, forced displacement and urbanisation [KEY READING] Jansen, BJ 2018. Kakuma Refugee Camp. Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya’s Accidental City. Chicago University Press, pp. 9-40 [KEY READING] Whyte, S., Babiiha, S., Mukyala, R., & Meinert, L. 2014. Urbanisation by subtraction: The afterlife of camps in northern Uganda. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 52(4), 597-622 Suggested readings Agier, M 2011. Managing the undesirables. Refugee camps and Humanitarian Government. London: Polity Chwałczyk, F. 2020. Around the Anthropocene in Eighty Names—Considering the Urbanocene Proposition. Sustainability 12(11), 4458. Cohen, R & N. Van Hear 2017. Visions of Refugia: territorial and transnational solutions to mass displacement, Planning Theory & Practice, 18:3, 494-504 Diken, B. 2004. From refugee camps to gated communities: biopolitics and the end of the city, Citizenship Studies 8(1):83-106 Oliver-Smith, A. 2009. 'Introduction: Development-Forced Displacement and Resettlement: A Global Human Rights Crisis'. In Oliver-Smith (ed.) Development and dispossession: The Crisis of Forced Displacement and Resettlement, Santa Fe: School For Advanced Research Press, pp. 3-24 Nixon, R. 2011. Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, Harvard University Press Satiroglu, I, & N. Choi 2015. Development Indeiced Displacement and Resettlement. New Perspectives on persisting problems. London: Routledge Smirl, L 2015. "Chapter 2: Exploring the Humanitarian enclave", Spaces of Aid. How Cars, Compounds and Hotels Shape Humanitarianism. London: Zed Books Turner, S. 2016. What Is a Refugee Camp? Explorations of the Limits and Effects of the Camp, Journal of Refugee Studies 29(2):139–148 Week 8 – Urban politics and planning [KEY READING] Kaika, M. (2017) Don’t call me resilient again!’: the New Urban Agenda as immunology … or … what happens when communities refuse to be vaccinated with ‘smart cities’ and indicators, Environment and Urbanization, 29(1), 89-102. [KEY READING – FOUR SHORT EDITORIALS ON PLANNING AND/AMID THE PANDEMIC – NO NEED TO READ THE ISSUE SUMMARIES] 1. Scott, M. (2020) Covid-19, Place-making and Health, Planning Theory & Practice, 21(3): 343-348. 2. Ng, M.K. (2020) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Pandemic Planning, Planning Theory & Practice, 21(4): 507-512. 3. Grant, J.L. (2020) Pandemic Challenges to Planning Prescriptions: How Covid-19 is Changing the Ways We Think about Planning, Planning Theory & Practice, 21(5): 659-667. 4. Campbell, H. (2021) Post-Pandemic Planning: Beyond “Stifling Paradigms”. Achieving Transformation Requires Grappling with the Tiresome and Low Profile, Planning Theory & Practice, 22(1): 3-7. Suggested readings Baptista, I. (2012) How Portugal Became an ‘Unplanned Country’: A Critique of Scholarship on Portuguese Urban Development and Planning, International journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(5): 1076-1092. Davies, J. and Imbroscio, D. (2009) Theories of Urban Politics, London, Sage. Dikeç, M. (2007) Badlands of the Republic: Space, Politics and Urban Policy. Oxford, Blackwell. Friedmann, J. (2005) Globalization and the emerging culture of planning, Progress in Planning, 64(3): 183-234. Harvey, D. (1989) From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism, Geografiska Annaler: Series B Human Geography, 71: 3-17. Harvey, D. (2012) Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, London, Verso. Klosterman, R.E. (1985) Arguments for and against planning, Town Planning Review, 56: 5-20. Moulaert, F., Rodriguez, A. and Swyngedouw, E. (2003) The Globalized City: Economic Restructuring and Social Polarization in European Cities, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Roy, A. (2005) Urban Informality: Towards an epistemology of planning, Journal of the American Planning Association, 71 (2): 147-158. Sandercock, L. (ed.) (1998) Making the invisible visible: A multicultural planning history, Berkeley, University of California Press. Sanyal, B. (ed.) (2005) Comparative planning cultures, New York: Routledge. Seixas, J. and Albet, A. (ed.) (2012), Urban governance in Southern Europe, Farnham: Ashgate. Week 9 - Sustainable urban governance: fieldtrip Readings to be confirmed a week in advance Module 3: Ecological resources and urban/rural challenges Week 9 – Critical issues in climate change adaptation [KEY READING] Mann, G. and J. Wainwright. 2018. Climate Leviathan: a political theory of our planetary future. London: Verso. [KEY READING] Ostrom, E. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990). Suggested readings Adger, W. Neil, et al. (2009) "Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change?." Climatic change 93.3, pp. 335-354. Andersson, J. and Westholm, E. (2018) Closing the Future: Environmental Research and the Management of Conflicting Future Value Orders, Science,Technology and Human Values, 1-26. Huitema, Dave, William Neil Adger, Frans Berkhout, Eric Massey, Daniel Mazmanian, Stefania Munaretto, Ryan Plummer, and Catrien C. J. A. M. Termeer. (2016) “The Governance of Adaptation: Choices, Reasons, and Effects. Introduction to the Special Feature.” Ecology and Society 21, no. 3 Knieling, J. and Leal Filho, W. (2013). Climate change governance. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer. Week 10 - Planning climate change adaptation: case studies [KEY READING] IPCC (2014). Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, et all]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge pp. 1-32 [KEY READING] Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jacob, D., Taylor, M. et al. (2018). Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, et al (eds.)]. Suggested readings Masson, V., Lion, Y., Peter, A., Pigeon, G., Buyck, J., & Brun, E. (2013). “Grand Paris”: Regional landscape change to adapt city to climate warming. Climatic Change, 117(4), 769–782. Mills, G., Cleugh, H., Emmanuel, R., Endlicher, W., Erell, E., McGranahan, G., Steemer, K. (2010). Climate Information for Improved Planning and Management of Mega Cities (Needs Perspective). Procedia Environmental Sciences, 1, 228–246. Ng, E. & Ren, C. (ed.) (2015). The Urban Climatic Map for Sustainable Urban Planning, Routledge, London Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., & Ali Ibrahim, S. (Eds.) (2018). Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Stone Jr, B. (2012). The city and the Coming Climate. Climate Change in the Places We Live. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Week 11 – Food production and environment [KEY READING] Laborde Debucquet, David; Lallemant, Tess; McDougal, Kieran; Smaller, Carin; and Traore, Fousseini. 2018. Transforming agriculture in Africa & Asia: What are the policy priorities? International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). https://www.iisd.org/library/transforming-agriculture-africa-asia-what-are-policy-priorities [KEY READING] IFPRI (2018) C2025 - Accelerating the end of hunger and under nutrition. https://www.ifpri.org/publication/compact-2025-accelerating-end-hunger-and-undernutrition [KEY READING] IFPRI (2018) Urban Food systems for better diets, nutrition and health. https://www.ifpri.org/publication/urban-food-systems-better-diets-nutrition-and-health. Suggested readings STUART GILLESPIE, JUDITH HODGE, SIVAN YOSEF, AND RAJUL PANDYA-LORCH (eds) (2016) Nourishing Millions. Stories of Change in Nutrition. Washington: IFPRI. Week 12 – Ecosystem services [KEY READINGS to be confirmed] Suggested readings Bateman IJ, Carson RT, Day B, Hanemann WM, Hanley N, Hett T, Jones-Lee M, Loomes G, Mourato S, Özdemiro˘glu E, Pearce DW, Sugden R, and Swanson J (2002). Economic valuation with stated preference techniques: a manual. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. Fisher B., Turner R.K., Zylstra M., Brower R., De Groot R.,Farber S., Ferraro P., Green R., Hadley D., Harlow J., Jefferiss P., Kirkbly C., Morling, P., Mowatt, S., Naidoo R., Paavola J., Straaburg I. Bateman J., Yu D., Balmford A., (2008). Ecosystem services and economic theory: integration for policy-relevant research. Ecological Applications 18(8): 2050 – 2067. Ward, F. A., & Beal, D. J. (2000). Valuing nature with travel cost models: A manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Week 13 – Value chains and trade [KEY READING] Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework for Analysis. http://edepot.wur.nl/189057 [KEY READING] Value Chains Analysis for Development (VCA4D) http://agrinatura-eu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/VCA-4-pager-English-1.pdf Suggested readings Donovan, J., Cunha, M., Franzel, S., Gyau, A. & Mithofer, D. 2013 – Guides for value chain development – a comparative review, CTA & World Agroforestry Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. KIT, Faida MaLi and IIRR (2006) Chain Empowerment. Supporting African farmers to develop markets. Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam; Faida Market Link, Arusha¸ and international Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Nairobi (reprinted in 2012).