Introduction
1
Module Introduction. Objectives and Assessment. Course syllabus and assessment materials were distributed.
The spirit of the module, its systemic view rationale was then illustrated with a presentation and group debate on the topic of Lisbon's 50year-long waiting period for the new airport's decision-making to conclude. Spatial planning and Climate change issues, and how these intersect, are introduced and debated collectively, through the chosen empirical case-study.
Key Challenges - Urbanization
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In this session we address Urbanization as one of the five key global territorial challenges that provide the contextual framework for ACOT. We stress a systemic perspective on how urbanization and sustainability intertwine at multiple level through the example of a growingly scarce resource worldwide - sand.
Reading List
Anguelovski, I., & Carmin, J. (2011). Something borrowed, everything new: innovation and institutionalization in urban climate governance. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3(3), 169–175
Brenner, N. (2013). Theses on urbanization. Public culture, 25(1 (69)), 85-114.
Broto, V. C. (2017). Energy landscapes and urban trajectories towards sustainability. Energy Policy, 108, 755-764.
Bulkeley, H., Carmin, J., Broto, V. C., Edwards, G. A., & Fuller, S. (2013). Climate justice and global cities: mapping the emerging discourses. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 914-925.
Grandin, J., Haarstad, H., Kjærås, K., & Bouzarovski, S. (2018). The politics of rapid urban transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 31, 16–22.
Henderson, J. V., Storeygard, A., & Deichmann, U. (2017). Has climate change driven urbanization in Africa?. Journal of development economics, 124, 60-82.
Jiang, L., & O’Neill, B. C. (2017). Global urbanization projections for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Environmental Change, 42, 193-199.
Satterthwaite, D. (2009). The implications of population growth and urbanization for climate change. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 545–567.
Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., & Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585-590.
Key Challenges - Agroforestry
3
This session is parte of the Key territorial challenges that make up the first part of the ACOT Module.
In this session we take a systemic view to the un-sustainability of the current global agroforestry through the lens of the evolution of global food production and consumption dynamics and its current key challenges.
Reading List
Fagerholm, Nora, et al. "A systematic map of ecosystem services assessments around European agroforestry." Ecological Indicators 62 (2016): 47-65.
Godfray, H. C. J., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., Nisbett, N., ... & Whiteley, R. (2010). The future of the global food system.
Mbow, Cheikh, et al. "Achieving mitigation and adaptation to climate change through sustainable agroforestry practices in Africa." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 6 (2014): 8-14.
Mosquera-Losada, M. R., Santiago-Freijanes, J. J., Rois-Díaz, M., Moreno, G., den Herder, M., Aldrey-Vázquez, J. A., ... & Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A. (2018). Agroforestry in Europe: A land management policy tool to combat climate change. Land Use Policy, 78, 603-613.
Schoeneberger, Michele, et al. "Branching out: Agroforestry as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool for agriculture." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 67.5 (2012): 128A-136A.
Seto, K. C., & Ramankutty, N. (2016). Hidden linkages between urbanization and food systems Science, 352(6288),
943-945.
Springmann, M., Clark, M., Mason-D’Croz, D., Wiebe, K., Bodirsky, B. L., Lassaletta, L., ... & Willett, W. (2018). Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits. Nature, 562(7728), 519-525.
Verchot, L.V., Van Noordwijk, M., Kandji, S. et al. Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 12, 901–918 (2007).
Wilson, Matthew Heron, and Sarah Taylor Lovell. "Agroforestry—The next step in sustainable and resilient agriculture." Sustainability 8.6 (2016): 574.
Climate Action and Public Policy - Key Concepts and Issues
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This session breaks down a series of key concepts regarding the framing of public action and climate change. It addresses the need for a systemic view, what this means and how can we develop it. It also introduces climate action as a complex adaptive system that is peppered with the so called wicked problems, or super wicked problems. The session wraps up focusing on the changing nature of the future and how can we better positions ourselves to debate it.
Reading List
Coyne, R. (2005). Wicked problems revisited. Design studies, 26(1), 5-17.
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & society, 47(6), 711-739.
Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., & Auld, G. (2009). Playing it forward: Path dependency, progressive incrementalism, and the" Super Wicked" problem of global climate change. In IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 6, No. 50). IOP Publishing.
Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., & Auld, G. (2012). Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy sciences, 45, 123-152.
Lönngren, J., & Van Poeck, K. (2021). Wicked problems: A mapping review of the literature. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 28(6), 481-502.
Peters, B. G. (2017). What is so wicked about wicked problems? A conceptual analysis and a research program. Policy and Society, 36(3), 385-396.
Kay, A. (2005). A critique of the use of path dependency in policy studies. Public administration, 83(3), 553-571.
Mahoney, J. (2000). Path dependence in historical sociology. Theory and society, 29(4), 507-548.
Monat, J. P., & Gannon, T. F. (2015). What is systems thinking? A review of selected literature plus recommendations. American Journal of Systems Science, 4(1), 11-26.
Peters, B. G., Pierre, J., & King, D. S. (2005). The politics of path dependency: Political conflict in historical institutionalism. The journal of politics, 67(4), 1275-1300.
Peters, B. G. (2017). What is so wicked about wicked problems? A conceptual analysis and a research program. Policy and Society, 36(3), 385-396.
Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1974). Wicked problems. Man-made Futures, 26(1), 272-280.
Williams, A., Kennedy, S., Philipp, F., & Whiteman, G. (2017). Systems thinking: A review of sustainability management research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148, 866-881.
Climate Action and Public Policy - Theory of Change - Transition Studies
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This session is an introduction to Transition Studies as the Theory of Change underpinning the ACOT's module approach. The core assumptions, concepts, analytical and methodological frameworks used are presented as well as an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of this conceptual approach. Particular attention is given to the concepts of prospective path dependency, transition pathways and lock-in mechanisms.
Reading List
Frantzeskaki, N., Hölscher, K., Holman, I. P., Pedde, S., Jaeger, J., Kok, K., & Harrison, P. A. (2019). Transition pathways to sustainability in greater than 2 C climate futures of Europe. Regional environmental change, 19, 777-789.
Geels, F. W., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research policy, 36(3), 399-417.
Grandin, J., & Sareen, S. (2020). What sticks? Ephemerality, permanence and local transition pathways. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 36, 72-82.
Hölscher, K., Wittmayer, J. M., & Loorbach, D. (2018). Transition versus transformation: What’s the difference?. Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 27, 1-3.
Loorbach, D., Frantzeskaki, N., & Avelino, F. (2017). Sustainability transitions research: transforming science and practice for societal change. Annual review of environment and resources, 42, 599-626.
Mathias, J. D., Anderies, J. M., Baggio, J., Hodbod, J., Huet, S., Janssen, M. A., ... & Schoon, M. (2020). Exploring non-linear transition pathways in social-ecological systems. Scientific reports, 10(1), 4136.
Seto, K. C., Davis, S. J., Mitchell, R. B., Stokes, E. C., Unruh, G., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2016). Carbon lock-in: types, causes, and policy implications. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 425-452.
Simoens, M. C., Leipold, S., & Fuenfschilling, L. (2022). Locked in unsustainability: Understanding lock-ins and their interactions using the case of food packaging. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 45, 14-29.
Sorrell, S. (2018). Explaining sociotechnical transitions: A critical realist perspective. Research Policy, 47(7), 1267-1282.
Runhaar, H., Fünfschilling, L., van den Pol-Van Dasselaar, A., Moors, E. H., Temmink, R., & Hekkert, M. (2020). Endogenous regime change: lessons from transition pathways in Dutch dairy farming. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 36, 137-150.
Wilson, G. A. (2014). Community resilience: path dependency, lock-in effects and transitional ruptures. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57(1), 1-26.
Climate Action and Public Policy - Knowledge and Institutional Innovation
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In this session we start from how the current form of global capitalism became ecologically and socially unsustainable. We examine how so much depends on a shift in human values. Human values can change; they are not natural laws. This session debates this value change. In society as a whole and in institucional settings in particular. The gateway to this debate is through the role of learning, the process through which information becomes knowledge. In fact the creation of knowledge in social networks is a key characteristic of the dynamics of culture. In the face of climate change challenges, and to thrive under conditions of accelerating change you have to be learning all the time. We look into how this is affected by the emergence of alt-knowledge and post-truth politics. We critically examine how knowledge brokerage is a fundamental part in helping public policy play a much needed role in shaping the directionality of sustainability transitions.
Reading List
Adger, W. N., Dessai, S., Goulden, M., Hulme, M., Lorenzoni, I., Nelson, D. R., ... & Wreford, A. (2009). Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change?. Climatic change, 93(3-4), 335-354
Chapman, J. (2002). System failure: why governments must learn to think differently. Demos, London, UK. ISBN: 978-1-8418-0123-0
Feola, G. (2014). Societal transformation in response to global environmental change: a review of emerging concepts. AMBIO, 4(5): 376–390.
Göpel, M. 2016. The Great Mindshift. Vol. 2. Springer Verlag.
Kingdon, J.W. (1995). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 254pp. Longman, New York, USA. ISBN: 978-0-2050-0086-9
Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., … Wells, P. (2019). An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 31, 1–32.
Mourato, J., Bussler, A., & Wit, F. (2020). Interweaving knowledge systems through sustainability governance. Partnerships for the Goals. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1-12.
Mourato, J.M., de Wit, F. (2022). The Geography of Urban Sustainability Transitions: A Critical Review. In: Leal Filho,
W., Vidal, D.G., Dinis, M.A.P., Dias, R.C. (eds) Sustainable Policies and Practices in Energy, Environment and Health Research. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham.
O’Riordan, T., & Jordan, A. (1999). Institutions, climate change and cultural theory: towards a common analytical framework. Global Environmental Change, 9(2), 81-93.
Climate Action and Public Policy - Climate Governance
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This session introduces the concept fo Climate Governance. It addresses its multi-stakeholder conceptual framing, its opportunities and pitfalls. Taking stock of the concept of Climate Justice we delve into the politics underpinning the current climate action practices worldwide.
Reading List:
•Albers, M. & Deppisch, S. (2013), “Resilience in the Light of Climate Change: Useful Approach or Empty Phrase for Spatial Planning?”, European Planning Studies, 21:10, 1598-1610 Bicknell et al (2010), Adapting cities to climate change, London, Earthscan
•Anguelovski, I., & Carmin, J. (2011). Something borrowed, everything new: innovation and institutionalization in urban climate governance. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 3(3), 169-175.
•Boyd, E., Ensor, J., Broto, V. C., & Juhola, S. (2014). Environmentalities of urban climate governance in Maputo, Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 26, 140-151.
•Bulkeley, H. e Tuts, R. (2013) Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change, Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 18 (6), pp. 646-662
•Davidse, B. J., Othengrafen, M. & Deppisch, S. (2015), Spatial planning practices of adapting to climate change. European Journal of Spatial Development
•Davoudi, S., Crawford, J. e Mehmood, A. (Eds.) (2009), Planning for Climate Change: Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation for Spatial Planners, London, Earthscan
•Hughes, S., Chu, E. K. & Mason, S. G. (2018), Climate Change in Cities. Innovations in Multi-Level Governance, Springer
•Kern, K., & Alber, G. (2009). Governing climate change in cities: modes of urban climate governance in multi-level systems. In The international conference on Competitive Cities and Climate Change, Milan, Italy, 9-10 October, 2009 (pp. 171-196).
•Pelling, M. (2011), Adaptation to climate change. From resilience to transformation, London: Taylor & Francis
•Prutsch, A., Grothmann, T., McCallum, S., Schauser, I., Swart, R.(eds) (2014), Climate Change Adaptation Manual. Lessons learned from European and other industrialised countries. Abingdon, Oxon and New York, Routledge
•Wilson, E. e Piper, J. (2010), Spatial Planning and Climate Change, London, Routledge
•Wolfram, M., Van der Heijden, J., Juhola, S., & Patterson, J. (2019). Learning in urban climate governance: Concepts, key issues and challenges. Journal of environmental policy & planning, 21(1), 1-15.
Climate Action and Spatial Planning - Key Concepts and Issues
8
This session breaks down a series of key concepts regarding the framing of the evolution of spatial planning public agains the backdrop of the contemporary climate change agenda. It breakdowns streamlined conceptualizations of the policy cycle to examine the enablers and obstacles to policy coherence and integration. It finishes with a critical review of the current EU Climate Policy Environment's Policy Instruments, Polity and Politics.
Reading List:
•Albers, M. & Deppisch, S. (2013), “Resilience in the Light of Climate Change: Useful Approach or Empty Phrase for Spatial Planning?”, European Planning Studies, 21:10, 1598-1610 Bicknell et al (2010), Adapting cities to climate change, London, Earthscan
•Anguelovski, I., & Carmin, J. (2011). Something borrowed, everything new: innovation and institutionalization in urban climate governance. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 3(3), 169-175.
•Boyd, E., Ensor, J., Broto, V. C., & Juhola, S. (2014). Environmentalities of urban climate governance in Maputo, Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 26, 140-151.
•Bulkeley, H. e Tuts, R. (2013) Understanding urban vulnerability, adaptation and resilience in the context of climate change, Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 18 (6), pp. 646-662
. Davidse, B. J., Othengrafen, M. & Deppisch, S. (2015), Spatial planning practices of adapting to climate change. European Journal of Spatial Development
•Davoudi, S., Crawford, J. e Mehmood, A. (Eds.) (2009), Planning for Climate Change: Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation for Spatial Planners, London, Earthscan
•Hughes, S., Chu, E. K. & Mason, S. G. (2018), Climate Change in Cities. Innovations in Multi-Level Governance, Springer
•Kern, K., & Alber, G. (2009). Governing climate change in cities: modes of urban climate governance in multi-level systems. In The international conference on Competitive Cities and Climate Change, Milan, Italy, 9-10 October, 2009 (pp. 171-196).
•Pelling, M. (2011), Adaptation to climate change. From resilience to transformation, London: Taylor & Francis
•Prutsch, A., Grothmann, T., McCallum, S., Schauser, I., Swart, R.(eds) (2014), Climate Change Adaptation Manual. Lessons learned from European and other industrialised countries. Abingdon, Oxon and New York, Routledge
•Wilson, E. e Piper, J. (2010), Spatial Planning and Climate Change, London, Routledge
•Wolfram, M., Van der Heijden, J., Juhola, S., & Patterson, J. (2019). Learning in urban climate governance: Concepts, key issues and challenges. Journal of environmental policy & planning, 21(1), 1-15.
Climate Action and Spatial Planning - Evolution of Planning as a Public Policy
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This session sets the geographical, social, cultural and political context for the evolution of Planning, as a pubic policy in Portugal. It focuses on the XX century onward, with particular emphasis on the post April 1974 period and the EEC accession process.
Climate Action and Spatial Planning - Spatial Planning in Portugal
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This session consists of a quick outlook of the current Portuguese Planning system, its key instruments and type thereof, actors and governance framework. It provides a brief outline of its evolution and key contemporary challenges.
Climate Action and Spatial Planning - Territorializing Climate Action in Portugal
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ACOT's last session breaks down in three parts. First, a synthesis of the last 15 years in terms of Climate Action policy developments in Portugal, how these were informed, fueled and what practice of implementation happened thereafter. Second, we take a closer look on how climate action policy goals are included in spatial planning instruments and how this translates in practice. Third, and last, we focus on the development of the Portuguese Local Climate Governance landscape, focusing on how a lapsing multilevel governance system opened the way for strong bottom-up local climate governance networks.